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Printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. Paper, the main carrier of ancient printing, was also invented in China. These two inventions have made great contributions to the universal recognition of human history and have effectively promoted the development and progress of human civilization.
History contains the 6th to 7th century, China invented the engraving and printing, and Bi Sheng invented movable type printing around the year of 1048. China's printing technology was spread to Europe via the Silk Road. In 1448, the German Gutenberg first used lead alloy to cast type characters, and on this basis, it gradually realized the mechanical printing of type characters. It should be said that before this, China's printing technology has always been a world leader. However, after the 15th century, China's printing technology was lagging behind due to the paralysis of the feudal system in China, which hindered the development of social productivity and science and technology. Lead-type printing technology did not spread to China until the 19th century. After about 150 years, it was only after China began to form an industrial system of type printing.
After the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the development of the printing industry. China's printing technology has made great strides. However, foreign printing technology has gained new development and our backwardness has not changed fundamentally. In particular, due to the destruction of the "Cultural Revolution", the backward gap widened. After the "Cultural Revolution" ended, all things were awaited. The masses of the people urgently demanded that they should study science and technology and economic and cultural knowledge, but they were bothered by the difficulty of publishing books and difficulties in buying books. It takes about one year for general books to be published and for books to be published. Some books have to be dragged on for two to three years. Many new books become old books when they are released. In August 1977, Comrade Deng Xiaoping made a sharp statement in a speech: “The valuable academic papers and publications must be guaranteed to be printed and published. Now some of the works, according to the current publishing situation, can be printed for many years. Bundled dead."
I have had some contact with the printing industry in the past and I understand the backwardness of printing technology in our country at that time. It was during the "Cultural Revolution" that I was decentralized to the printing plant of the Science Press. At that time, they were all lead-leaded and lead-printed. Workers took care of the words and dials. Every day they had to walk several tens of miles back and forth, pick their hands, and then poured into lead printing. This was not only hard but also inefficient. At that time, the average publication period of the Science Press was 500 days, and the author, readers, and printing workers all had very good opinions.
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a historic decision to shift the focus of the Party and the country to focus on economic construction. It was emphasized that socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization must be tackled together, and the contradiction of backward printing technology became more prominent. At that time, the Central Government must change the backwardness of China's printing technology as soon as possible, and clearly stated that under the leadership of the State Council, the National Economic Committee should take the lead in resolving it. Several vice premiers of the State Council attach great importance to this and have personally questioned and strongly supported them.
It is worth proposing that Comrade Jiang Zemin, who was then the deputy director of the National Import and Export Management Committee, was far-sighted and insightful. When Peking University and other organizations made remarkable achievements in the development of Chinese laser photosetting equipment and encountered difficulties, they wrote their own handwriting on February 22, 1980. The letter to the leading comrade of the State Council expressly proposed that the project should be actively supported, solve difficulties in the use of foreign exchange, introduce key technical equipment, limit the introduction of unnecessary technical equipment and repeat research, and all relevant units should cooperate with Peking University and concentrate on this. The project is more complete, so that it will bear fruit. This opinion was adopted by the leading comrades of the State Council and played an important role in the success of China's printing technology revolution.
In 1982, I went to work in the State Council and presided over the work of the newly formed National Economic Council. At that time, the State Economic Commission was formed by the merger of seven ministries and commissions, including the Machinery Commission, the Construction Committee, the Energy Commission, the Agricultural Commission, and the Import and Export Committee. The personnel came from all sides. In order to maintain continuity of work and make new and old cadres alternate, we hire retired leading cadres who are already or will soon be in age to continue to serve as special projects to help the new leaders to become familiar with the business as soon as possible.
Embracing Fan Moumen and bringing up the responsibility for leading the printing technology transformation Comrade Fan Muhan is an old comrade of our party. He joined the Communist Party of China in Yanan in 1941 and served as deputy director of the State Planning Commission, deputy director of the Ministry of Planning, and deputy minister of the six-machine department. , deputy director of the State Machinery Commission and other important leadership positions. In the past, when we were working together in different departments of the Central Government, we often met together and knew that his work was very diligent and he had a lot of good opinions on China’s economic development. In the early 1980s, we worked together at the State Economic Commission and learned more about him. Comrade Fan Muhan was then the deputy director of the former Machinery Commission. After reaching the age of retirement, the Party committee of the Economic Commission decided to invite him to serve as the head of the Printing Technology Equipment Coordination Group, and to lead and organize the national printing and equipment equipment industry and scientific and technological breakthroughs.
The coordination team led by Comrade Fan Muhan, after investigation and study, proposed the idea of ​​developing China's printing technology equipment plan at the national publishing work conference at the end of 1982: aiming at the international advanced technology level of printing technology in the late 1970s to develop automatic phototypesetting and electronic color separation. , high-speed multi-color offset printing and binding linkage as the focus, according to the principles of system engineering to solve the printing process (typesetting, printing, binding, etc.) and the required equipment and supporting various equipment (paper, ink, photosensitive materials, plate Etc.) Using the "through-train" approach to co-ordinate arrangements for scientific research, development, technology introduction, and technological transformation of enterprises, to raise the level of China's printing industry as a whole and basically solve the problems of slow writing and difficulty in buying books. (To be continued)
At the beginning of the new century, China’s printing industry has two great events that are inspiring: First, the Chinese Academy of Engineering held a press conference on the results of the “20th Century Major Engineering Technology Achievements in China†evaluation, “Two Bombs and One Star†and “Chinese Characters Information Processing and Printing Technology Revolution†Such as the 20th century, China's major engineering and technological achievements; Second, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council held the 2001 National Science and Technology Award Conference, Wang Xuan academician and academician Huang Kun won the highest national science and technology award, General Secretary Jiang Zemin personally issued a certificate for them and bonus. This happy event has brought me many unforgettable memories.