Recently, Prof. Kan Haidong's research group from the School of Public Health of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particulate Pollution Prevention and Control has made progress in the field of atmospheric particulate pollution and health research. The relationship between health hazards is most significant, and the smaller the particle size, the greater the health hazard.

Particulate matter (PM2.5) with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns is considered the culprit of air pollution. According to reports, severe smog has occurred in many places in China in recent years, and the first pollutant is PM2.5. However, the health hazards of particles with smaller particle sizes are currently inconclusive. The research team therefore measured the concentration of particles in 23 groups with different particle sizes in the range of 0.25 to 10 microns (ie PM0.25-PM10) in a city in China, and analyzed and compared their relationship with residents' health risks.

The results show that the number of particles with a particle size in the range of 0.25 to 0.50 microns has the most significant relationship with residents' health hazards (especially cardiovascular disease risk), and the smaller the particle size, the greater the health hazard. The concentration of particles with a particle size greater than 0.50 microns is not significantly associated with residents' health risks.

It is speculated that the smaller the particle size of the particulate matter, the greater the corresponding quantity concentration and total surface area, the more likely it is to adsorb more harmful substances into the human body; it may also be related to the way in which the particulate matter of different particle sizes settle in the lower respiratory tract. Particles smaller than 0.50 microns are mainly deposited by diffusion, while particles larger than 0.50 microns are mainly deposited by impact.

The results of this study suggest that the health hazards in the particles may be those with a small particle size (for example, less than 0.5 microns) and a large number, rather than those with a large particle size and heavy mass. This provides a new direction for the prevention and control of atmospheric particulate pollution in China, that is, we should focus on smaller particles, not just PM2.5.

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