Book book material and type of use (on)

The cover is also called a cover, a book cover, etc. It is a decorative material wrapped around the book block. There are many types of cover materials, which can be broadly classified into fabrics, leathers, coatings, plastics, and paper. The choice of cover material is based on the grade (grade), content, and publisher's requirements of the book. Grade refers to the value of books, such as reading value, use value, and preservation value; content refers to the ideas expressed in the articles and the times described; publisher requirements refer to the process design proposed by the author, designer, or publisher. Selection plan and so on.

The cover material, especially the hardcover cover material, occupies an important position in the processing of books and periodicals. The selection of materials is related to the appearance of a book. The so-called “sale of a leather goods” can increase the number of books as long as the cover works well. The reader's attraction, otherwise it will affect its position in the market.

(a) fabric cover material

Fabrics cover materials are the earliest and most widely used book binding materials in China, such as roll-loading, back-loading, butterfly-loading, thread-loading, and so on. Silk or cotton fabrics are used as cover materials.

1. Cotton cover material

The main ingredient of cotton fabric cover material is cotton fiber. The moisture absorption of cotton fiber is strong. As the temperature rises, the moisture content decreases. When the temperature exceeds 105°C, the moisture evaporates. The resistance of cotton fiber to acid is very weak, and the contact with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid is prevented, but the alkali resistance is very good. Cotton fabrics have good adhesive properties, and any kind of adhesive can achieve adhesive effect. There are the following main types of cotton for the cover:

1 plain cloth. Plain weave fabric covers are generally fine-grained. The surface of the fine-grained cloth is fine, smooth, soft, and has few knots on the surface. The texture is lighter and thinner than the city cloth (commonly known as the Big Five).

The white in the plain weave can be used as a butterfly patch; the cyan and aqua blue dyed cloth can be used as an ancient thread, a back cover and a letter cover. Plain cloth is used for plain economics, quaint and generous, easy to glue and hot stamp when processing.

2 poplin. The poplin cover material is better than the plain weave cloth and the high grade. The poplin's warp yarns are fine, fine weft yarns, smooth fabrics, smooth feel, silk feel, so called poplin. The poplin is divided into full-line and half-line, and the cover uses half-line poplin.

Hardcover covers are made of poplin, and old-line covers and knuckles are also common. Poplin and plain weave are also easy to stick and hot stamp.

3 velvet cloth. The main cover of flannel fabric is velveteen. Flat velveteen is a double-layered tissue that is divided and raised; if it is treated with mercerizing, it has a silky sheen, so it is called velveteen velveteen.

The characteristics of velveteen: The surface of the cashmere is plump and smooth, with good luster, soft handfeel, elasticity, thick pile, good abrasion resistance, and it is not easy to wrinkle, but it is easy to remove fluff. As long as the cut is finished, no effect is noticed.

The main component of cotton fabric is cotton cellulose. Mature fiber contains about 95% of fiber, a small amount of wax, pectin, chlorine-containing substances, sugar, minerals, etc. Therefore, it has strong hygroscopicity. Its moisture absorption energy changes with temperature and humidity. This forms a shrinking phenomenon of the cotton cloth. The general shrinkage rate is about 4%, with slightly more warp direction and slightly less zonal direction. If the staple processing is not done with shrink-proof processing, there will be quality problems such as uneven warpage of the book case, distortion of the size after cutting the small size, and serious consequences such as pattern distortion. This can be done as follows:

A, anti-shrinkage treatment of soaked paper. The cotton cloth material is wetted (sprayed or immersed) with water in advance, and then dried together with the paper paste to make the cotton cloth shrink in the drying process, and is dried and set. This prevents shrinkage and ensures the smoothness, shape and ease of processing of the backing fabric.

B, resin impregnation shrinkage treatment. Before processing, the cotton cloth material is immersed in the resin material, so that the resin fills the gap in the fabric, resists moisture immersion, and controls shrinkage deformation; at the same time, it can also be made flat and wrinkle-free, durable and easy to process. This shrink-proof method has special processing units.

C, horizontal and vertical lines processing. Generally, the shrinkage rate of the vertical stripes (warp direction) of the cotton fabric is higher than that of the horizontal stripes (weft direction), so the material should be carefully planned and pay attention to the cross use of the horizontal and vertical lines of the book shell board, ie, a horizontal cross-paste. This can restrict each other, so that the tension balance, to ensure that the book shell is not warped.

D, after the paste shell processing. After shelling, there should be a level and natural drying process. There are roughly three steps: pressure is applied immediately after the first paste shell; when the second shell is pressed and leveled, the book shell is left to dry up to 80%, and then the book shell is changed from standing to flat (stacked behind the paste). The final natural flattening is done. Hot stamping and other processing can be performed within 10 hours.

E. After avoiding drying and exposure of the book shell made of cotton fabrics, the water proof is over-evaporated to destroy the water that should be reasonably stored in the interior, resulting in the severe deformation of the book shell.

2. Silk cover material

The main ingredient of the silk cover material is silk. As early as over a thousand years ago, China used silk fabric as the main material of the book. The book with a relatively high modern value still uses silk fabric as a cover material to show its elegance and value.

With silk fabrics as cover materials, there are wide selection of colors, beautiful colors, elegant texture, ethnic characteristics, easy adhesion, easy hot stamping and other characteristics, the processed books give people a unique sense of art, welcomed by consumers at home and abroad. Often used as a work of art to decorate, present, and preserve. There are many types of silk fabrics, including silk, satin, spun, silk, silk, enamel, etc. Each of them is divided into many colors, and no less than a thousand species. There are the following main types of books and magazine covers:

1 satin. Satin is a superior material in silk. Satin warp and weft yarn interweaving position is distributed according to certain rules. More warp yarns or weft yarns are exposed on the fabric surface. The varieties are soft satin, brocade, satin, etc., among which are satin and satin. The satin texture is soft, smooth, elastic, and has a wide range of uses. The color of flower satin is generally more than three kinds, such as colorful satin, colorful satin, colorful satin, etc. Its texture is close, thick, elastic, satin body smooth, High artistic value is a superior silk material.

Satin covers are all high-grade books, pictures, certificates, and packaging boxes. Satin crepe paper is very difficult and technically demanding. Not only is the adhesive used reasonable, but also smooth and firm, and it guarantees the verticality of the latitude and longitude lines and the softness behind the crepe, so that the crepe paper is satin-finished The pattern is not skewed.

2 spinning material. Spinning is a cover material in silk fabric that has a crisp texture, a solemn color, a smooth surface and a light bone, a simple and elegant appearance, and easy adhesion and processing. Spinning variety, such as vegetarian spinning, Huafang, Fuchunfang, and so on. Fuchunfang is generally used as a cover for spinning.

Spinning materials should pay attention to the smooth surface of the spinning surface and the verticality of the latitude and longitude lines to ensure that the book shell production and appearance quality.

3 silk material. Silk is a silk fabric made of plain weave or plain weave. In the production of silk fabrics, weaving is followed by dyeing of raw silk; weaving is first called dyed silk; plain weave is not known as plain weaving; plain weave is called floral silk. Its types include tower poplin (such as poplin in cotton), flower silk, double palace silk, thin and very light silk and so on.

Silk texture is soft, quaint and elegant. Hot stamping fine text patterns are clear and clean. They are mainly used for hardcover cover, line cover and book cover, butterfly fittings and sewing strips.