The knee joint is the largest joint in our body. It has a complex structure and is subject to great pressure while participating in lower limb activities. It is therefore one of the most vulnerable joints. When we walk, the pressure on the knee joint is 1.5 times or more of the weight, and the pressure is increased to 3 to 4 times when going up and down the stairs, and 8 times when the jaw is lowered. If you are an adult of 70 kg, the knee should bear about 100 kg of pressure while walking !

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The knee joint is a very important part of the lower limb movement chain. Our limbs are made up of many joints, because of these connections, our limbs look like a chain, and this chain helps us to be more flexible and distracting during exercise. In addition to the knee joint, the composition of the lower extremity kinematic chain includes: the pelvis, hip joint, ankle joint, and foot. The components of these kinematic chains interact to achieve their respective functions and participate in sports.

How do these joints interact ? For example, the activity of the foot and ankle can affect the knee joint, so people with flat feet may have knee pain due to ankle problems because they are located on the soles of the feet. The arch loses its ability to absorb shocks. The force generated during running or walking is not buffered by the arch, and the pressure is transmitted upwards to the knee joint, causing pain. This indicates that the joints in the lower extremity kinematic chain are particularly tightly connected, and if one of the joints is dysfunctional, it is likely to affect other joints.

The knee joint consists of bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and joint capsules. The basic structure of these tissues is collagen. Collagen is the fibrous tissue that exists in all parts of our body. As we age, collagen gradually decomposes, and its ability to regenerate is getting worse.

The adult skeletal system consists mainly of hard bones and some cartilage located at specific parts of the hard bone. They all belong to connective tissue, and the chondrocytes inside are located in a gel-like structure composed of collagen and elastic fibers.

The properties of the collagen and elastin that make up the cartilage determine its transparent and elastic properties. Although the cartilage is relatively deformable, it has a certain hardness, so it can bear weight and shock absorption, which is why it exists at the end of our joints and bones. As an example of a common life, chicken crisp bone is what we call cartilage. Since there is almost no blood vessel in the cartilage, blood circulation is poor.

Good blood circulation means that blood can provide sufficient nutrients for the tissue, while discharging waste, and poor blood circulation means that the cartilage is less regenerative and the muscles and bones are injured compared with the muscles and bones rich in blood supply. Afterwards, it usually heals itself.

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