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2. The anti-dumping measures lasted for a long time, and the original business customers were gradually lost. It was very difficult to re-enter the lost market. An anti-dumping case from the filing of the case to the final decision usually takes more than one year, and the tax period is as long as five years, and may continue to be extended through reexamination. Many products, such as China's color TVs exported to the European Union and US exports of potassium permanganate, have been subject to more than 10 years of anti-dumping tariff sanctions, and the current export volume has shrunk considerably compared to when they were filed.
3, anti-dumping is easy to produce a chain reaction. First, the product anti-dumping chain reaction; when a product involved in the anti-dumping duty is not allowed to enter the market, it will flock to another market, the result will lead to a new anti-dumping lawsuit, such as China's steel, sugar alcohol, etc. All kinds of export products have been subjected to anti-dumping investigations in several foreign markets, which greatly affected the normal export of these products. Second, the national anti-dumping chain reaction; like the United States in 1994 ruled on China's garlic levied a 376% anti-dumping tariffs, they have successively initiated anti-dumping lawsuits against China’s exports of honey, bicycles, canned mushrooms, indigo dyes, etc., affecting China in total. 300 million U.S. dollars in exports.
Third, China's response measures (A) to speed up the non-nationalization of enterprise reform, as soon as possible to get rid of the "non-market economy" status of the passive situation.
It is necessary for the Chinese government to complete the reform of the private ownership of state-owned enterprises as soon as possible in accordance with the conditions of a market economy, and wait until a series of obstacles such as labor wages, production material control and resource allocation, product prices, and production restrictions cease to exist. With the establishment of an economic price mechanism, we can demand that the United States confirm our position as a market economy country. If we cannot obtain the status of a market economy country, we can appeal to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to adjudicate discrimination policies and behaviors in the United States.
In addition, effective property rights arrangements can reduce the dumping behavior of enterprises in exports, and encourage companies to actively respond to their own interests in the event of anti-dumping lawsuits, thereby reducing the losses caused by anti-dumping.
(B) enhance the concept of international marketing, improve product comprehensive competitiveness.
Facing the increasingly fierce international competition and the threat of anti-dumping, exporting companies should do a good job of investigating domestic and foreign markets, optimize the market structure, change the competition as soon as possible, change the “winning by price†to “win by qualityâ€, and actively use the trademark. Non-price competition means such as signs, packaging, styles, public relations, advertising, etc., work hard on the technical content of export commodities and the exchange rate, and expand the export of high-tech and high-value-added products.
At the same time, the principle of "high quality and high price export" can be considered in the institutional arrangement. This principle is designed to restrict the export competition of enterprises and prevent the possible loss of state-owned assets in export activities. This criterion first emphasizes "high prices". In a domestic product that is exported to the same overseas market, high export prices will win the market. The comparison of export prices can be carried out on the FOB price after technical treatment. The Customs sets the “price thresholdâ€. The export price of exported products is only higher than this “price threshold†before it can overflow the customs to export to the target market. In terms of sense, "the principle of high quality and high price export" can also be called "the minimum export price criterion." The establishment and effective implementation of this criterion will help to completely solve the difficult problem of low-price competition in exporting in our country, and will lead export competition to high-price competition, thus preventing the loss of state-owned assets that may be hidden behind low-cost competition. The illicit act of the executors of the market behavior will be selfish and will effectively stimulate the improvement of the quality and grade of export products.
(3) The government strives to create conditions, and the company actively responds to the government. It should strive to create a favorable legal environment for the responding of enterprises in China. Establish a mechanism for responding to and reciprocating the proceeds to encourage companies to respond actively. When enterprises are accused of anti-dumping, they must respond actively and dare to fight "foreign lawsuits." The practice of a large number of anti-dumping and responding cases in Chinese enterprises has proved that it is not terrible to fight a lawsuit. As long as the enterprise is fully prepared and defended by reason, the chance of obtaining a successful case is very high.
(d) Strengthen the training of professionals.
It should be said that our lack of familiarity with and ignorance of WTO rules and the lack of professional personnel skilled in the WTO rules are one of the most important reasons why China has become the world’s country that suffers the greatest damage from anti-dumping. Since the entry into force of the Anti-Dumping Regulations of the People's Republic of China, it has only been more than four years since then. Therefore, companies, governments, import and export chambers of commerce, and law firms all have no anti-dumping expertise. China urgently needs to establish a contingent of anti-dumping talents and lawyers who understand the international market. To solve this problem, it is necessary to strengthen the training of anti-dumping lawyers, and pay attention to the full use of talents in foreign markets. The experience of multinational companies in this field is worth learning from. .
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(3) The harm caused by foreign anti-dumping to China's foreign trade 1. High anti-dumping tariffs have made China's export products lose their competitiveness. For example, in December 1993, Mexico imposed a tariff of 165% to 1105% on China's footwear. In July 1997, the United States imposed an anti-dumping tariff of 91.5% to 156.7% on the exports of crawfish from several Chinese companies. This forced Chinese companies to withdraw from the market.