With advances in 3D printing technology , bones and some relatively simple body parts have been able to be printed directly in 3D and mounted on patients. However, more complex biological tissues with multiple functions are difficult to print because it is difficult to find an ideal bio-ink. Scientists have now developed an ink made from silk, which brings new possibilities to achieve the above goals. Most of the current inks for 3D printing are made of thermoplastics, silicones, collagen, gelatin or alginate.

However, there are many limitations to the use of these materials. For example, changes in temperature and pH, as well as cross-linking reactions, can disrupt cells and other biological components that researchers add to the ink. In addition, these materials often require treatment with antibiotics or cytokines that affect the cells in the ink. To solve these problems, the researchers turned their research goals to silk fibroin and developed a method that does not require treatment under harsh conditions.

Researchers combine biocompatible silk proteins, glycerin, and non-toxic sugar alcohols to create clear, flexible inks that remain stable in water without any additional processing. Researchers say the new material will be used in biomedical implants and tissue engineering.

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